🔹 Acute GI Bleeding

• Upper  GI bleed
• Lower GI bleed

🔹 Liver Failure

• Acute Liver Failure (ALF)
• Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF)
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Coagulopathy in liver disease: INR vs thromboelastography (TEG/ROTEM)
• Cerebral edema in ALF: ICP monitoring, mannitol, hypertonic saline
• spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
• Prognostic scores: MELD, Child-Pugh, CLIF-C ACLF score
• Liver transplant indications and ICU optimization

🔹 Pancreatitis

🔹 Gastrointestinal Motility and Nutrition

• Ileus vs mechanical obstruction
• Ogilvie syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction)
• ICU-related gastroparesis
• Early enteral nutrition vs parenteral nutrition
• Refeeding syndrome
• Assessment of feeding intolerance

🔹 Hepatobiliary Infections

• Cholangitis
• Liver abscess (pyogenic vs amoebic)
• Hydatid cyst rupture
• Fungal infections in hepatobiliary ICU patients

🔹 GI Complications in ICU

• Stress ulcers and GI prophylaxis
• Mesenteric ischemia: diagnosis (CT angio), early surgery
• Ischemic colitis
• Clostridioides difficile colitis
• GI perforation and peritonitis in ICU

🔹 Portal Hypertension

• Varices: esophageal
• Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)
• Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension

🔹 Liver Support Systems

• MARS (Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System)
• SPAD, Prometheus

🔹 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

🔹 Transplant and Immunosuppression

• Post-liver transplant complications in ICU: rejection, infection, biliary stricture
• Drug monitoring (tacrolimus, cyclosporine)
• Management of sepsis in immunosuppressed patients