Hepatorenal Syndrome
Definition In patients with advanced CLD (chronic liver disease), the development of severe renal failure.
Precipitating factors
– Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) [Most common]
– NSAIDs in patients with borderline renal failure
– Sepsis
– UTI
– GI Bleed
– Diuretic overuse
– Large volume paracentesis without albumin replacement
–Pathophysiology Cirrhosis ➔ Portal Hypertension ➔ NO (nitric oxide) ➔ Splanchnic vasodilation ➔ Arterial underfilling ➔ (Renal blood vessel constriction due to compensatory mechanisms)
– RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)
– ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)
– Sympathetic Nervous System ➔ NOR-ADR (noradrenaline)
–Labs:
– ↓ Na+, ↓ K+
– ↑ BUN
– ↑ Urine osmolality
– ↓ Plasma osmolality